Technology to aid of Covid spread

Came across interesting uses of technology around Covid spread, surveillance, violations -

1 Using Location tracking via smartphones for Covid surveillance
This one talks about how Taiwan is ensuring people who have been exposed to the virus stay in their homes. The system monitors phone signals to alert police and local officials if those in-home quarantines move away from their address or turn off their phones. Officials also call twice a day to ensure people don’t avoid tracking by leaving their phones at home.

April 1 news mentioned that the system was tracking more than 55,000 people. The system has been very accurate with only about 1% of alerts being false alarms mostly because of inaccurate location readings.

2. Identifying lockdown violations (post-facto analysis)
The second one here is a report that was published to demonstrate how public data and visual AI can be used to identify lockdown violations. Taking actual images and videos from public Instagram profiles of 552,000  Italians between March 11-20, 2020, and applying image recognition technology, they were able to predict what percentage of people were not following quarantine, which city/region they belong to at an aggregate level and exactly where they were spending time (viz. parks, markets, malls). Obviously, the entire data was anonymized in the interest of privacy.

3. Using cough analysis to determine if one is Covid affected 
This link talks about using AI and Deep learning to determine if a person has Covid by analyzing the sound of the cough, the way they breathe or the way they speak. It's based on the fact that the cough of a Covid patient is distinct from a healthy person. I also stumbled upon this site https://www.coughagainstcovid.org/ which is collecting data around cough sounds to crowdsource and create such a technology. This initiative is supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and is in collaboration with Stanford University.

4. Using real-time mobile location data to detect violation of social distancing
Unacast is a company that collects and provides cellphone location data. It has aggregated all this to come up with a Social Distancing Scorecard.  This scorecard is based on analysis of information such as two devices being at same place at same time (thus violating social distance), visit to non-essential places (other than grocery), and other parameters. Unacast collects data from various apps installed on phone which track location.

5. Mapping movement of coronavirus carriers
The South Korean government is publishing the movements of people before they were diagnosed with the virus — retracing their steps using tools such as GPS phone tracking, credit card records, surveillance video and old-fashioned personal interviews with patients. The idea is to let the public know, via a central website and regional text messages, if they may have crossed paths with carriers, whose names are not made public. Here is the link to site- https://coronamap.site/

Will keep adding more as I discover. 

Making it easier to discover datasets

https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/

Google has made it easier to discover thousands of data repositories on the web, providing access to millions of datasets. Great help to AI, ML, NLP devs!

here is the release note -https://www.blog.google/products/search/making-it-easier-discover-datasets/

How can WhatsApp control fake news?

India is WhatsApp's largest market in terms of net users with 400 million monthly users according to July 2019 company figures. That equates to more than one-quarter (26.7%) of its total reported user base. India is such a big market for WhatsApp which can be assessed by the fact that the second-largest market for the company is Brazil with 120 million users. In terms of user penetration among smartphone users too, India is among the top three markets for WhatsApp with more than 90% of smartphone users in India using WhatsApp.

Fake news is something that has infested WhatsApp with conspiracy theories, anti-vaccination misinformation and panicked rumours about child abductors that have even led to fatal lynching in some parts of India. WhatsApp's previous attempts to contain fake news included steps like limiting the number of times a message can be forwarded to five and a visual indicator to indicate that it has been forwarded. However, limits on the forwards slows the spread of fake news but doesn’t curtail it and if media reports are to be believed there are software tools for as cheap as Rs 1,000 that let you bypass WhatsApp’s forward restrictions.

So what can WhatsApp do? The underlying solution lies in the form of a mix of AI and NLP. NLP or Natural Language Processing can help identify the text that the user has shared in his/her message and  AI or Artificial Intelligence can be used to match it to an offline database of fake news to infer if a particular shared message is fake or not. For images, auto text extraction from images and for videos, frame by frame analysis and speech to text will have to be used. As I understand, using 'CheckPoint Tipline' that was initiated by WhatsApp in April 2019 and discontinued later in the year, the company has already crowdsourced (collected) enough data about fake news and probably has the offline database (technically a model in AI) ready.

With an AI model in place, WhatsApp can thus provide automatic checking of all messages before it reaches you and notify a user that received message is fake. User can also be provided an option to report a suspicious message as fake which behind the scene sends a message to WhatsApp for verification and let them add it to their database post verification.

In my suggestion, I emphasize notifying a user instead of auto-removal for two reasons -

• Results from a study show that participants who were exposed to a correction of any kind were significantly less likely to believe the false information posted by the first user, relative to those who do not receive a correction. 
• Users should be given the power to know and understand which messages were fake and at the same time provide them an opportunity to refute the WhatsApp claim.

There are quite a few challenges in this approach, the biggest of which pertains to the fact that messages between the sender and receiver are encrypted and even WhatsApp cannot see the content of the messages. This calls for change in encryption policy and while fake messages can be filtered, it opens up WhatsApp to government agencies who might want to sniff on your messages. Also, any learned AI model would have to be constantly adapted to the new strategies and techniques of disinformation. Further, the model will have to be sufficiently trained over a wide range of languages as messages on WhatsApp are shared across various languages.

Gandhi- the Mahatma - Book review of My Experiment with Truth

"The Story of My Experiments with Truth" by MK Gandhi is his autobiography or as he puts it, his experiments with truth, starting from his childhood days to his days in England to the starting of Satyagraha in South Africa to the beginning of Independence movement in India around 1920.

Before reading this book, I thought he was called Mahatma because he steered India's freedom struggle but I now realize, it was his endeavor towards the welfare of the people that made him earn this respect from people. Through multiple stories from his life, I understand the aim of his life was to try to discover and embark on the path to Truth and attain Moksha. His ashram first set up in South Africa and then later in Gujarat was aimed to lead by example where everybody voluntarily shared all work irrespective of caste and creed. He would take up cases for people for free, raise social and political causes with authorities, challenge the status quo and try to reform people around him. Few would know that during the Boer war in South Africa, Gandhi went to the battlefield as a volunteer for ambulance corps ferrying the wounded on a stretcher.

He was a big proponent of Brahmacharya but his idea of the same included not only monogamy but also simplicity of clothes and the food one eats. Despite being a Barrister, Gandhi gave up his European dressing, started to live in a simple home, traveled in the 3rd class in train/ship and choose to donate whatever extra money he had apart from covering his basic expenses. He has dealt extensively about his experiments with what we today call as 'vegan diet'.

We all pretty much know about Gandhi’s take on standing for truth. His idea was hate the sin but not the sinner coming from the notion that we are all created from one single Creator and hating a sinner is the same as hating that ultimate Creator. At another place, he says, it is the reformer who is anxious for the reform, and not the society, from which he should expect nothing better than opposition, abhorrence and mortal persecution. His idea of non-violence through Satyagraha is I guess the most difficult thing to do. It takes a lot of courage to hold back one’s natural instinct which is to take revenge and instead face opponent gracefully.

All the things that Gandhi tried didn’t come to him overnight. He constantly experimented with ideas, adapted those before embracing those to his life.

Gandhi has painted a very sober portrayal of himself in the book which I guess is the mark of a true learned person. He has highlighted how he was an average student in the class, how he failed at his first practice in Bombay and how he had great difficulty in speaking impromptu including the ones where he was an organizer.

Overall, it’s a very inspiring read and there cannot be a better quote than what Einstein said for Gandhi “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this Earth”

Trip to Vizag - Beaches, Caves and Eastern Ghats

I had a chance to see Vishakapatnam (also known as Vizag) from 29 Dec 2019- 2 Jan 2020.



Our trip started from an early (really early :-) at 5:20 AM) morning flight from Delhi to Vizag. With alarm set for 2:30 AM, the anxiety of missing the alarm didn't allow me to sleep much in the night. Nevertheless, the flight started before time and reached before time as well. There is a good view of Bay of Bengal as plane approaches the airport.






I had pre-booked a ZoomCar for 2 days and from the airport, headed to the Zoomcar location to collect the car. Once done with the usual inspection of the car, it started with a trip to Araku. The distance from Vizag to Araku is about 110 km of which half is plain road and remaining is curved around hills. There aren't many roadside dhabas or restaurants on the way. The road on the hills is 2 lane and we occasionally got stuck behind buses waiting for traffic to clear. Maybe there was more rush due to Sunday but it took us approx 5 hours to cover the journey which should have normally taken 3 hours. We arrived at Haritha Valley Resort and after having the buffet lunch in their restaurant, we were all tired and took a quick nap.

In the evening, we went to see the Tribal Museum and Coffee Museum, both within walking distance from our resort. The tribal museum is pretty good and shows the tribal life. The Coffee Museum is average and its more of a shopping arcade than a museum. I avoided seeing Dumriguda Waterfalls (simple waterfall) and Katiki Falls (1-hour walk to reach here and not possible with a small kid) in Araku.






The next day, we started from Araku Valley to Borra Caves and reached in about 90 minutes. These caves are probably the largest in India and are of limestone structure. We took a guide here who showed us various God, animals, human shapes formed naturally from limestone. The Gosthani River, which originates from these caves and flows between is the cause for the development of the odd shapes of structures. The name "Borra" means hole and popular legend is that a cow, grazing on the top of the caves, dropped through that hole in the roof and was found across the river and saved because of Lord Shiva.

At the exit of Borra Caves, I tried the bamboo chicken. Its regular marinated chicken cooked in Bamboo. Contrary to what I had read, I didn't find that any great with respect to regular barbecued chicken but it was good and reasonably priced. 

From Borra to Vizag, we decided to take a detour and see Rushikonda beach before we return the car. The beach was very beautiful and by and large clean. After returning car, we checked in to Dolphin Hotel. 

A note about the hotel, very hospitable staff - everyone makes you feel special. Awesome breakfast with multiple options to choose from, well maintained swimming pool and a trainer to assist you in the gym.

Heading back to the trip, next day we went out to see Kailasagiri. We took a cable car to reach the top of the hill. Saw the wonderful Shiva-Parvati statue on the top of the hill. The hill also provides an awesome view of the Vizag beaches -  

Next, we saw the INS Kursura Museum. This is one of the must-see things in Vizag and contains the actual submarine used by the Indian Navy from 1969 to 2001 and now preserved as a museum for public access. Having seen the movie "Ghazi Attack", we could relate every part of the submarine and thoroughly enjoyed it. 

Next day we saw TU-142 Aircraft Museum which like submarine museum is a preserved Tupolev TU-142 aircraft which served Indian Navy for 29 years. This museum was established in 2017 by President Kovind and besides the actual walk-through of the aircraft, provides good information through a free audio guide of various parts of the plane.

Post that, we saw RK beach. Being near to the city, its more crowded. However, if one were to stray slightly away from main beach, one can avoid crowd and enjoy the wonderful sea. Long coastline offers long walks. And I could imagine myself reading a book sitting on the beach away from the general hustle bustle of the city.









Last day, since it was Gurupurab, we went to local gurudwara and with God's grace, had langar. Post that, we did some shopping (actually just from one store, Leepakshi) and then headed to the airport for our flight back to Delhi.

As for people in Vishakapatnam, I found them very friendly. There is some language issue but most people can understand and speak broken Hindi (over English). Some streets were crowded but there was no road rage to be seen or people in unnecessary hurry. Wherever we went and at whatever time of the day, we were off the groping eyes generally seen in North India.

Food is cheap and all walks of people enjoy street food. In a decent restaurant, one will be charged the MRP of cold-drink and not some exorbitant price just for putting that cold drink in a glass.

Finally, beautiful drawings in front of houses and shops are a treat to eyes.

Book review- Discovery of India

An awesome book that traces all of Indian history from pre-historic times to 1944 when the book was written. As Nehru puts it, the intent of the book is to establish the integrity of the Indian past, history independent of British renditions and make people of India proud of their heritage. Nehru wrote this book while in jail with little access to journals and other books and so this is mostly a work of his learnings from explorations across the country. I am not sure how many of present day politicians possess that understanding of Indian culture and have a vision for future as expressed by Nehru in 600+ pages book.

While book presents interesting bits for anyone who wants to understand our culture and heritage, here are some of them –

1. Our origins in form of Indus valley civilization was more advanced (stemming from city planning, houses, trade and law) than similar civilizations elsewhere but probably didn’t get noticed because European researchers who came up studying in 18^th century focused more on the later (the Greek, Roman etc.)
2. Our civilization has been based on security and stability via joint family etc. and that makes it successful than any other in West. Indian philosophy is “individualistic under a social structure” which means perfect freedom to think and believe what one liked while adhering to the social norms
3. While there are many theories of how caste came into being but one theory relates to Aryan conquest of India. Instead of terminating or enslaving the entire population, as was the norm those days, they created a caste system assigning lower caste to people here and upper caste for themselves. While the system had its own shortcomings, caste system allowed people from new conquests to be merged into respective castes.
4. Coming on to Akbar, Nehru says while he was a great ruler, what surprised him was his lack of sea knowledge, no focus on scientific research, no training of people abroad, and no book printing. This legacy carried forward by later Mughal rulers was exploited by Europeans to bring in their rule in India
5. An interesting take on why we find certain skills confined to certain religions only. The reason for this is that religions conversion those days were group conversion and not individual conversions and hence the entire village (the villages in those times being organized around skills) would convert
6. Rise of British is attributed to multiple reasons including conquest of Bengal which gave them enough money to proceed to other regions and then keep adding, possible fluke as individually each of the Sikhs, Marathas, Tipu had defeated them but never together, infighting amongst Indian states and finally fall of Mughal Empire and disintegration of country into smaller states
7. With British rule, for first time, center of gravity fell outside India and with people who felt that they were superior and that the ‘new’ people didn't want to Indianize.
8. All talk of great infra development and running of government during British raj came at significant cost. For example, the railway was guaranteed by government of India at 5% return on capital invested
9. 1857 revolt was essentially a feudal outburst and it was only in 1900s that the real struggle from masses began to oust British

Book review- Good Strategy Bad Strategy

A good book to understand good and bad strategy with real life case studies from different companies. One-line summary - good strategy is not about some vision statement but set of coherent actions to tackle one or two identified critical issues. One example that stuck me was case of silver machine that churns silver coins is an advantage but not an competitive advantage. The former is more like a bond. An competitive advantage would accrue when either machine can be engineered to increase output or market be manipulated to increase demand.